This paper describes a framework for {\em modeling},
{\em classifying}, and {\em specializing}
various object-oriented concurrent programming (OOCP)
languages constructs and schemes.
This framework, named {\em Actalk},
is implemented and integrated within
the Smalltalk-80 programming environment.
The architecture of the framework is based on the notions of {\em components},
{\em parameterization} and {\em inheritance}.
The {\em kernel} of the architecture
is decomposed into a set of kernel {\em component classes} and
associated {\em parameter methods}, to be redefined in
various subclasses.
Various {\em extensions}, defined as {\em subclasses} of the kernel classes,
simulate various OOCP languages and constructs.
They implement various models of
{\em activity} (serialized, concurrent,
with implicit or explicit message acceptance\ldots),
{\em communication} (synchronous, eager reply, time stamped\ldots),
and {\em synchronization schemes}
(guards, abstract states transitions, synchronization counters\ldots).
At first, our framework helps in classifying and experimenting
with various synchronization and
communication models for a given program,
by changing and specializing various models/components.
Secondly, it helps in reusing them and building-up
on previous expertise
in order to derivate enhanced or novel constructs or schemes.
To illustrate the possibilities in this paper,
we progressively develop various synchronization schemes
by successive {\em refinements} and {\em combinations},
starting from two foundational synchronization schemes
(namely {\em enabled sets} and {\em guards}).